Learn Incoterms 2020, shipping responsibilities, risk allocation, and container specifications used in international freight.
The seller's responsibility is limited to making the goods available for collection at their premises and providing the necessary commercial documentation. The buyer assumes all costs, risks, and responsibilities from that point onward, including loading, export customs clearance, transportation, insurance, import clearance, duties, and final delivery. Risk transfers to the buyer as soon as the goods are placed at their disposal at the seller's location.
The seller is responsible for preparing the goods, completing export customs clearance, and delivering the shipment to the carrier or agreed handover location. Once the goods are handed over to the carrier, the risk transfers to the buyer, who becomes responsible for the main transportation, insurance (if required), import customs clearance, duties, taxes, and final delivery to the destination.
The seller is responsible for export customs clearance and pays the transportation costs required to move the goods to the agreed destination. However, the risk transfers to the buyer as soon as the goods are handed over to the first carrier, even though the seller continues to pay for the main carriage. The buyer is responsible for insurance (if desired), import customs clearance, duties, taxes, and delivery beyond the named destination.
The seller is responsible for export customs clearance, arranging and paying for transportation to the agreed destination, and obtaining cargo insurance that covers the buyer during transit. Risk transfers to the buyer once the goods are handed over to the first carrier, even though the seller continues to pay for freight and insurance costs. The buyer remains responsible for import customs clearance, duties, taxes, and any costs incurred after arrival at the named destination.
The seller is responsible for arranging and paying for transportation to the agreed destination and bears all risks until the goods arrive ready for unloading. The buyer is responsible for unloading the cargo, completing import customs clearance, and paying any applicable duties, taxes, and import-related charges. Risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are made available for unloading at the named destination.
The seller is responsible for arranging and paying for transportation to the agreed destination, including unloading the goods upon arrival. The seller bears all costs and risks until the cargo has been fully unloaded at the named place. The buyer is responsible for import customs clearance, duties, taxes, and any further transportation required after unloading.
The seller assumes maximum responsibility by arranging and paying for transportation, export and import customs clearance, duties, taxes, and delivery to the buyer's specified destination. The seller bears all costs and risks until the goods are delivered and ready for unloading. The buyer's responsibility is generally limited to receiving and unloading the shipment at the final destination.
The seller is responsible for delivering the goods alongside the buyer’s nominated vessel at the agreed port of shipment and completing export customs clearance. Once the goods are placed alongside the vessel, the risk transfers to the buyer, who is responsible for loading the cargo, ocean freight, insurance, import customs clearance, duties, taxes, and final delivery.
The seller is responsible for preparing the goods, completing export customs clearance, and loading the cargo onto the buyer’s nominated vessel at the agreed port of shipment. Risk transfers to the buyer once the goods are onboard the vessel, after which the buyer assumes responsibility for ocean freight, insurance, import customs clearance, duties, taxes, and final delivery.
The seller is responsible for export customs clearance and pays the costs of transporting the goods to the agreed destination port. However, the risk transfers to the buyer once the goods are loaded onboard the vessel at the port of shipment, even though the seller pays the ocean freight. The buyer is responsible for insurance, import customs clearance, duties, taxes, and transportation beyond the destination port.
The seller is responsible for export customs clearance, paying ocean freight to the destination port, and arranging cargo insurance for the buyer during transit. Risk transfers to the buyer once the goods are loaded onboard the vessel at the port of shipment, even though the seller continues to pay for freight and insurance. The buyer is responsible for import customs clearance, duties, taxes, and transportation from the destination port to the final delivery location.
Explore the most commonly used shipping containers and their capacities.
Dimensions shown are industry-standard specifications. Actual payload and cubic capacity may vary slightly depending on manufacturer and shipping line.